The darkness out there Essay Example For Students

The obscurity out there Essay Kerry is a little fellow who goes to the Good neighbors club. Kerry joined the Good Neighbors club since he needed to help the elderly folks individuals who lived alone. Sandra doesnt like Kerry by any means; she thinks he is messy and excellent looking. We just get this impression through Sandras eyes: the author uncovers Sandras musings as she meets him while in transit to Mrs Rutters Kerry Stevens that none of her part figured much on, with his blacked licked-down hair and slitty eyes! Kerry and Sandra meet in the woods. Kerry welcomes Sandra by alarming her: Christ! she stated, Kerry Stevens, you idiotic someone or other what dyou need to proceed to do that for, you give me an amazing alarm! When Kerry and Sandra go to Mrs Rutters house to help Kerry causes her by cleaning the nursery and cutting the grass. We found out about Kerrys desire for the future that he needs to turn into a repairman, such as fixing vehicles and carrying out the responsibilities that get all of you filthy: Im leaving July. Theyre taking me on at the carport, the Blue star-I been assisting there on and of! We will compose a custom paper on The haziness out there explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The explanation Mrs Rutters checks out Sandra is on the grounds that she is consistently prepared and ready to discuss individual issues and takes an extraordinary enthusiasm for what Mrs Rutter discusses. What's more, then again Kerry consistently appears to be progressively inaccessible from Mrs Rutter in light of the fact that she sends him outside which is the explanation she doesnt attempt to make discussion with him. Kerry resembles a cliché kid somehow or another in light of the fact that he is extremely scruffy and when he grows up he needs to turn into a specialist. Kerry is just keen on what work he will do he isnt intrigued by young ladies, marriage or youngsters. Kerrys response towards Mrs Rutters anecdote about the war was that he was stunned and appalled. Kerry was stunned as a result of what Mrs Rutter never really man in the arrangement; Kerry was enthusiastic and had compassion toward the troopers and he never thought Mrs Rutter would be that way. Kerry wasnt intrigued any longer: The young men spoon banged to the floor; he didn't move. Also, The kid pushed his seat over from the table his responses show that he is stunned. When Kerry couldnt take it any more extended Kerry got up: He looked down at the young lady. Im going he said don't know about you, however Im going When Kerry left the house he said to Sandra: Im not going close to that bitch again and afterward went off. The way that he swears shows the quality of his emotions. I think Kerry made the best choice by getting up and going out. I might want to make companions would Kerry in light of the fact that he is an experienced and touchy kid. I concur with Kerry all through the story. Toward the finish of the story Sandra imagines that he is a touchy kid who acknowledged Mrs Rutter was before she did.

The Abortion Arguments of Cider House Rules Essay -- Movie Cider House

The Abortion Arguments of Cider House Rules I am composing this paper on a Saturday evening, not with any genuine thought, or in any event, arranging. I am composing this since I was only minutes back viewing the film Cider House Rules. I won't go into the plot of the film, be that as it may, to clarify my inspiration for composing this, I will basically portray one part of the film. The scene at issue in my psyche right presently is one where a fourteen-year-old young lady goes to the shelter which is the setting for part of the film. This young lady went to the shelter since it was referred to in the district as a spot that performed premature births. She had an unrefined premature birth acted so that she had been seriously harmed (her uterus was punctured by a stitch snare, and, not being a sterile instrument, this caused a disease of the uterine coating, inevitably executing her). The occupant specialist is disturbed by this, and utilizations the young lady's physical issue for instance clarifying why he performs premature births. The specialist's contention is genuinely basic. On the off chance that the young lady had come to him, instead of the uninformed abortionist she picked, she would almost certainly have endure. What's more, he guarantees that potential guardians reserve an option to decide to be guardians or to not be guardians. The specialist, an ap pearing advocate of utilitarianism, says this shows an obligation to perform premature births. The youngster to which the specialist is speaking, Homer, has been basically an understudy under the specialist, yet has wouldn't perform premature births. His thinking is this: those people looking for a fetus removal should have been dependable enough to have not considered an undesirable kid. Their absence of sexual obligation ought not be a reason to take human life. Homer, while not legitimately a specialist (having... ...e that kick the bucket do as such in the commission of an improper demonstration, and as a result of this are to be accused for their own death. Maybe this sounds cold and unfeeling to you. My purpose isn't to make a case for the detesting of youthful pregnant ladies who look for premature births. I have a genuine sense a sympathy for them, however I can't bypass what I accept to be a strong nullification of one of the significant contentions for fetus removal authorization. This exposition, recall isn't intended to be a finished contention against fetus removal, yet rather endeavors just to address the contention utilized in Cider House Rules. There are numerous different zones of conversation which can greatly affect the morals of fetus removal. Where a hatchling turns into an individual with rights is one such region. The subject of whether a mother is committed to convey to term a youngster who is in certainty an undeniable human is another.

Macon

Macon Macon ma ´k?n, ma ´kon [key], city (1990 pop. 106,612), seat of Bibb co., central Ga., at the head of navigation on the Ocmulgee River; inc. 1823. It is the industrial, processing, and shipping center for a farm area that produces cotton, peanuts, soybeans, poultry, and dairy products. Chemicals and wood and metal products are among its manufactures. Fort Hawkins was established on the east side of the river in 1806 and renamed Newtown in 1821. Macon (for Nathaniel Macon) was laid out on the west side in 1823; Newtown was annexed in 1829. Wesleyan College and Mercer Univ. are there. Also in Macon are the birthplace of Sidney Lanier , several antebellum mansions, a restored grand-opera house (1884), restored Fort Hawkins (1806), a museum of arts and sciences, and a planetarium. Nearby are Robins Air Force Base and Ocmulgee National Monument. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia artic les on: U.S. Political Geography

The Financial Crisis Of 2007 - 1646 Words

The most recent financial crisis of 2007 was felt throughout the world, and brought about huge economic consequences that are still being felt to this day. Within the United States, the crisis undoubtedly resulted in a surge in poverty and unemployment, a significant drop in consumption, and the loss of trust in the capitalist economic system. Because of globalization, this crisis was felt through the intertwined global markets, affecting underdeveloped countries even more. Historical events from the past have taught us that financial crises such as the one we suffered during 2007 have occurred a vast number of times. From Mexico to Thailand, these financial crises have resulted in contagion worldwide, and have caused governments to†¦show more content†¦Banks would lend money to these prospective home buyers without checking the amount of incoming and concurrent assets that they owned in order to see if they would be able to repay the loan. These loans were then pooled and sold off to government financial institutions such as Fannie Mae and Freddy Mac. Slowly, the homeowners were unable to repay their loans, which forced them to either sell their homes at a lower price or foreclose, between September 2008 and September 2012 alone, 3.8 million U.S. property owners lost their homes (Balaam, 196). This severely increased the mortgage loss rates for both lenders and investors; it became known as the subprime mortgage crisis. Eventually, government financial institutions whom had bought these pooled mortgages filed for bankruptcy soon after, which had a chain-effect reaction throughout the entire economic system both in the U.S. and around the world. Thus, it created what is now known as the most recent financial crisis. The U.S. government immediately issued emergency loans and tried to increase the money supply, they extended these emergency loans to over 700 banks in order to incentivize home, student, auto, and small business loans (Balaam, 19 4). By the end of 2008 the stock market in the United States and Europe had suffered loses of over 40%; losses that until recently have recovered (Balaam, 194). The economic crisis resurged feelings of loss and insecurities that were to some

The Ages Of Poetry Essay - 1143 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The English Romantic poets of the 19th Century had a conception about nature that, over a century later, appears in the poetry of today. These poets have had a significant influence on the attitude and vocabulary a contemporary poet uses. Among the contemporary poets, Dana Gioia, in his two poems, quot;Becoming a Redwood,quot; and quot;Rough Country,quot; has drawn on the idea of the innocence and untainted part of nature that parallels the Romantic poetry of William Wordsworth and William Blake in their poems quot;Nutting,quot; and quot;The Tyger.quot; Also, Gioia has captured the wild-like and untamable demeanor of nature that many English Romantics have similarly captured. Finally, Gioia uses†¦show more content†¦The landscape of the nature in this rough country is not welcoming to humans tread, just as the quot;Tygerquot; in William Blakes poem would not be. In Gioias quot;Becoming a Redwood,quot; a wild and untamed animal is also found in this p assage, quot;Something moves nearby. Coyotes hunt / these hills and packs of feral dogs. / But standing here accepts all that.quot; (19-21) Both the Tyger and the coyote have the instinct that embodies nature and both are wild animals. Gioia draws on the Romantic conception that there is wild freedom found in nature. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This concept of wild freedom and untamable nature can be more clearly seen through the diction of the poems. Wordsworth writes, quot;At thorns, and brakes, and brambles, -- and, in truth, / More ragged than need was! Oer pathless rocks, / Through beds of matted fern, and tangled thickets, / Forcing my way, I came to one dear nook / Unvisited.quot; (13-17) In Gioias quot;Rough Country,quot; he uses words like quot;tangledquot; (10) and quot;twistingquot; (13) and quot;thorn thick underbrush,quot; (13) all of which Wordsworth uses in his poemShow MoreRelatedWriting Poetry Around The Age Of Twenty1257 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I became â€Å"serious† about writing poetry around the age of fifteen, I thought it was only a matter of time before I was discovered for the genius I was. My example was Rimbaud, the visionary French poet, discovered in his teens, celebrated by the literati of his time, some of whom -- literally -- fell in love with him; one of t hem even shot him in a pique of passion. Rimbaud’s light burned bright, he took Paris by storm, seized his world and made it his oyster, set it on fire, and painted itRead MoreAlfred Tennyson, often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry.1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe Victorian age was an age where many changes occurred socially, economically, and industrially. People began to explore into areas such as the earth, the human body, and how to benefit the daily lives of individuals. English literature was also something that was beginning to be developed. Historically, it began when Queen Victoria was anointed to the thrown in 1837 and brought a new prosperity to England. She held the throne for 63 years which is the longest monarch to hold the thrownRead MoreSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe period between the Classical Age and the Renaissance is vaguely named the Middle Age or the Medieval Age. In England, this period spans eight centuries and historians place it from the year of composition of Beowulf in 725 AD to 1474 AD when Caxton published the first book ever printed. The only standard work that dealt with Medieval Criticism is English Literary Criticism: The Medieval Phase by J.W.H Atkins published in 1952. One major development in this age is the adoption of ChristianityRead MoreCritical Appreciation Of T. S. Eliot s The Metaphysical Poets1382 Words   |  6 PagesEliot that the phrase ‘metaphysical poetry’ has been used as a term of abuse or as a label of a quaint and pleasant taste. He raises a question whether the so-called metaphysical poets formed a new school or movement or whether it was just a mere continuation of some older tradition. Eliot states that it is quite difficult to define metaphysical poetry as well as to explain the characteristics, which differentiate metaphysical poetry from other kinds of poetry. It is also very difficult to find preciseRead MoreHindi as a Language1451 Words   |  6 PagesHindi poetry took its form and since then it has been constantly modified. History of Hindi literature as a whole can be divided into four stages: Adikal (the Early Period), Bhaktikal (the Devotional Period), Ritikal (the Scholastic Period) and Adhunikkal (the Modern Period). Adikal- Adikal starts from the middle of the 10th century to the beginning of the 14th century. The poetry of this period has been divided into three categories Apabhramsha Poetry, Heroic Poetry and Miscellaneous Poetry. ApabhramshaRead MoreThe Golden Age Of Heian1553 Words   |  7 PagesDorf Samantha Ms. Lee Global History 23 March 2015 The Golden Age of Heian Periods of time with peace and stability politically and religiously, paired with flourishing arts, are called Golden Ages. One thriving, revolutionizing time like this occurred in Heian, Japan from 794 to 1185 C.E., under the rule of the Fujiwara family. Succeeding the Nara period, many aspects of the Heian culture, such as Buddhism and the writing system, were borrowed from China. However, in this time, Japan took thoseRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Edgar Allan Poe And Robert Frost1081 Words   |  5 PagesAllan Poe and Robert Frost influenced my thorough love of different styles of literature, particularly poetry. To the masses, Edgar Allan Poe and Robert Frost only share job titles, but the two poets share many similarities within their writing. Personally, I read pieces from both authors over the course of my schooling experience. I admired Robert Frost’s poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† from a young age, and that particular stole my heart since the first read. â⠂¬Å"The Raven,† became one of my favorite poemsRead MoreHe Went Anything But Gentle Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesMost contemporary American poetry is characterized by themes of love, death, and family. Dylan Thomas’ poetry, however, does not fall into the typical contemporary mold. Instead of merely writing about social and intellectual issues using free verse, as most of his contemporaries did, he wrote with overwhelming passion and intensity about his own life in strict poetic forms. One of his most famous poems is a villanelle, â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night†, which he wrote about his dying fatherRead MoreThe Legacy of E.E. Cummings1201 Words   |  5 Pagesfather was a professor at Harvard, leading Cummings to attend Harvard from 1911-1915 (Poetry for Students vol.3). At a young age Cummings showed a strong interest in poetry and art. His first published poems appeared in the anthology â€Å"Eight Harvard poets† in 1917. During WW1 Cum mings volunteered for the French-based ambulance service and he spent four years in an internment camp in Normandy on suspicion of treason (Poetry for Students vol.3). When Cummings returned to New York, he pursued painting butRead MoreThe Silver Age Of Russia1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Silver Age in Russia was an important era for Russia, as well as the rest of the world. More freedom allowed the art movement to surge and also to take up some European ideas. Painting, architecture, ballet, poems, short stories, playwriting were a few of the artistic avenues taken. I will focus on poetry, naming the groundbreakers of the Silver Age, their techniques, breakthroughs and their works. The Perestroika years renewed interest in the Russian culture. People were accustomed to folklore

The Need to Introduce Flexible Benefit Plans for Employees Free Essays

The employees of today†s workforce are divers. With such a workforce at hand, an employer must have a flexible benefit plan to match the composition of its employees. Flexible benefit plans are a written plan under which employees of a company are allowed to choose two or more benefits consisting of cash and qualified benefits (Everett Miller, 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on The Need to Introduce Flexible Benefit Plans for Employees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some benefits offered under a flexible benefit plan are health care, dental, reimbursement accounts, life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment coverage, long-term disability, vacation, retirement savings, spouse accidental death and dismemberment coverage, and dependent care (Kleiner Sparks, 1994). A young couple can be assured that their jobs not only meet the daily needs of their growing family, but that their children are covered for very little cost in their own employer-provided hospitalization and health care insurance. A worker employed by the same organization, approaching retirement, can choose benefits that will maximize his/her retirement income as much as possible. With his/her own children grown-up, he/she needs to attend only to his/her own needs. Also known as â€Å"cafeteria plans,† the organization offering a choice of applicable benefits to their employees ensures that the benefits for which they pay are the most useful for each of their employees. Costs are rising in almost every area of benefit provision and administration. The organization is able to secure more favorable rates for those benefits used, if the organization is not required to provide the same service to each employee (Webster, 1996). Employee benefit plans have had a long history, and can be traced back to 1794, when the first profit-sharing plan was created by Albert Gallatin in his glassworks in Pennsylvania (Kleiner Sparks, 1994). Another notable benefit plan includes those made by the American Express Company in 1875 with the first private pension plan, and the first group annuity contract issued in 1921 by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (Kleiner Sparks, 1994). These early benefit plans were only the beginning of the benefit packages. As it turns out, the Social Security Act of 1935 gave employees across the country a legal framework that supported the development of many forms of employee benefits. Very few employers provide full family health care coverage at no cost to the employee in today†s world, but everyone can save when they provide that coverage only to those who need it. Even though the employee almost always shares the cost now, the employer still provides the major portion of the cost of health care insurance. In today†s increasingly competitive business climate, everyone is forced to operate as efficiently as possible. The advantage to the organization and employees of having a flexible benefit plan is clear. Businesses are not required to pay for services its employees will never seek. For instance, pediatric care was provided across the board in one organization, a significant numbers of the company†s leadership were well past the point of needing that type of coverage for their family (Webster, 1996). Flexible benefit plans can be a very important tool for recruiting new employees and retaining current employees. Also, the costs of administering such plans may be offset to a large extent by the payroll tax savings generated when employees convert previously taxable compensation and income into a nontaxable fringe benefit tax (Everett Miller, 1994). Flexible benefit plans also provide the employee with the advantage of being able to ensure that benefits chosen are those that best meets their needs. The primary advantage of flexible benefit plans is that the employer and employee receive certain tax advantages. This depends on the types of programs the employee chooses. In some cases, the employee may choose cash rather than any benefits at all, but that option is dependent on company policy. For instance, many companies offer pay in lieu of off the job vacation time, but other companies insist that employees take their accrued vacation time. Another advantage of flexible benefit plans is the ability of the organization to shift some of the cost of benefits to the employees who use them, while simultaneously offering tax advantages in other areas such as 401K plans. Any benefit that is not paid in cash, but is treated as such, is taxable to the employee, but the employee tax liability decreases the employer†s. Any benefit that does not satisfy the nondiscrimination clause of the Internal Revenue code is taxable (Webster, 1996). Other benefits are nontaxable either to the employee or to the employer. To be nontaxable, the benefit must be a qualified benefit under Section 125. Such qualified benefits include accident or health plans, disability benefits, accidental death and dismemberment benefits, the first $50,000 of group term life insurance, a group dependent care assistance plan, and a group legal services plan (Webster, 1996). A disadvantage of flexible benefit plans is that employees are often overwhelmed by the numerous choices a plan may have to offer. In many cases, companies are contracting accountants, financial planners, investment counselors and other consultants to help employees wade through the vast array of options (Jurek, 1995). Such consultant use increases the employers† costs of providing the flexible benefits plans, but employers believe the guidance is needed. As for the IRS, it only requires organizations make flexible benefit plans available to all employees, not explain the intricacies of all options. Employers† that provide flexible benefit plans show the desire to in increase employees† loyalty to the company. In an increasingly tight labor market and faced with the necessity of operating as efficiently as possible, in order to remain competitive, employers view the flexible benefit plan as a tool to enhance employee morale. Flexible benefit plans are also used to improve employer-employee relationships, reduce overall costs of providing benefits, and reduce the incidence of employee turnover (Leonard, 1994). Replacing an employee can cost more than the annual salary of that employee, so it is to the employer†s advantage to retain as stable a workforce as possible (Leonard, 1994). From both the employer and the employee point of view, flexible benefit plans make sound financial sense (Kleiner Sparks, 1994). These plans provide a way for employers to control and budget benefit cost. At the same time, it is also a way for employees to enhance their benefits while paying expenses with pre-taxed dollars. How to cite The Need to Introduce Flexible Benefit Plans for Employees, Essay examples

System Thinking and Sustainability for Pillars- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSystem Thinking and Sustainability for Social Pillars. Answer: This essay discusses the problem of food waste more specifically in the United States or America and generally all over the world. This essay focuses on the systems thinking approach to face this fast increasing problem so that it can help in attaining sustainability within a limited time. Systems thinking is a methodology to the assimilation which is grounded on the particular certainty that the other constituent parts if the system can act contrarily when remain secluded from the environment of the systems or other part of the systems (Mulligan 2014). The global food systems are not at all sustainable. Despite the fact that everyone knows this problem, the interventions of the individuals or the associated organizations. This essay focuses on the household food waste issue as the vital problem of attaining sustainability. Most people in the USA do not realize how much amount of food they waste everyday through uneaten leftovers or spoiled produces. As the data reveals that 95% of f ood waste in America is thrown away, ends up as combustion facilities or in the landfills. By following systems thinking, food sustainability can be managed and food waste can be reduced. This study will discuss the features of the problem, stages of systems thinking and the economic, environmental and social pillars of sustainability. The production as well as loss of food from the human food chain has substantial impact on the earth. Food can be lost as well as wasted at every stages of its value chain. Starting from the production, wastage occur when the crops do not meet the yield potential due to the factors like nutrients, proper weather conditions and diseases. Food waste in the house hold has been a burning problem in the USA (Haines 2016). Almost half of the food produced in the country is destined for the landfills. The data reveals that the people of this particular country throw away billions of pounds of food every year which worth billions of dollars. These thrown away foods can be enough to feed millions of people. According to the researchers, the culture of America has a thrown away culture. The total food waste in a year is of 2000 calories diet that can serve 84% of the population. Hence this culture is costing money, time as well as environment. Wasted food has become very important point at thi s this moment because it is not only affecting the economy but wasting the resources and potential nutrients which can make others life better (Planh.ca 2018). This is the reason why the systems thinking approach can be a potent way to go deeper to this problem and attain sustainability. In order to understand the issues and results of food waste, the reason of food waste in America needs to be judged. According to the study, the people has a throwing away culture but people are throwing food away with good intension. Behind this action they believe that foods are unsafe when they appear fresh. Secondly, the data published in National Resources Defense Council have disclosed the fact that the people of America simply throw away their foods simply as they feel confused about the food expiration date (Nrdc.org 2018). Thirdly, the fresh foods like fruits, vegetables and sea foods are the most common objects for waste because of inefficient purchase planning. Fourthly, some households are more health conscious hence do not manage food rather through them away. Fifthly, the unavailability of proper kitchen skills can increase food waste (Block et al. 2016). This issue of food waste can be seen from different economic and social aspects. The psychology of the upper class p eople of the country is the most important factor. These people buy more and cook more so also waste more food than others. The young generation of America is the highest producer of food waste. Their food habits and preference sharply contrast food management concerns (Papargyropoulou et al. 2014). In order to understand the concept of systems thinking, there are some essential principles. First of all, the systems are composed of interrelated parts where change in some part affects can influence the whole system. The systems behavior greatly depends on each of their parts. It is difficult to predict as it has a constantly changing nature. Systems thinking has six step to follow in solving complicated problems. Firstly, in order to solve the problem one must understand the issues which can be attained through looking intensely at the entire system rather than the individual part. This needs conference with the stakeholders for sharing their visualization about the situation. The most important tool to build understanding is the utilization of concept maps. These are graphical tool which represent the construction of knowledge (Cicatiello et al 2016). Secondly, people often get influenced with the current situation while thinking about the problem. This situation reflects on the analysis and food time dimension. The behaviors over time graph shows a specific behavior through time. Thirdly, after understanding the issues and analyzing them one need to have a clear visualization about problem solving procedure, this is defined in a form of statement to indicate the target of the teams and the reason of the problems. Fourthly, based on the vision, a system structure must be developed. This will include behaviors patterns which will help in understanding more issues about the problem and can be formed as system archetype. Fifthly, after defining this problem, as well as the system structure, going deeper tends to understanding the fundamental problems through expounding four items. These items are purpose of system, mental models, large system as well as personal role in this situation. The final part of this process requires collection of data. For developing the intervention stage, it is necessary to collect data where modifications to the existing problem, relates parts of the connections (Koch, Helmreich and Drewes 2015). This intervention phase attempts to reach the expected behavior. The pillars of sustainability basically depend on the three factors which are connected with one another. These three factors are social, economic and environmental. These factors are conceptual management tools that can provide perceptive concepts of sustainability. Most of the national as well as international problem solving efforts can focus on one of these three pillars at a time. For instance, the United Nations Environmental Programsfocuse on the environmental pillar and World Trade Organizationfocuses on the economic aspects and ins some cases the social sustainability. The household waste of food has an intense effect on these tree pillars of sustainability (Nrdc.org 2018). According to the analysis of the Food and Agriculture Organization, has revealed the fact that 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted each year and straight go to the landfills. This is however simply unsustainable. In this correct situation, the resulting economic loss per year is more than 900 billion in th e world which can easily feed eight million people for one year (Thinkeatsave.org 2018). According the data of FAO, the land devoted to be filled with wasted food, can form a second largest country in the earth (Planh.ca 2018). Moreover, this wasted food accounts 8% of dangerous emissions. In case of America, 40% food loss happens after harvesting and at the time of processing (Thinkeatsave.org 2018). In the developed country like the USA, the waste largely caused by the retailers as well as the consumers. The biggest challenges here include consumer awareness, creative alternatives, efficient operations and interest for conservation. From the social perspective, it can be said that this issues expend beyond economic and the environmental impact related to excess usage of natural resources as well as emissions. According to data, more than 45 millions of Americans, of which 15 million are children lived in the food insecure households (Epa.gov 2018). As the wealth gap is high in the country, the low income group or communities suffer from hunger. One class of people in the society is wasting food and others remain hungry due to proper distribution of food. The health consciousness is one of the chief reasons why the food wastage is far increasing. Thus food wastage has become a social issue which can only be reduced by the initiatives like retail food donation by different non-governmental organizations and discount stores. Through these means, the government can combat food insecurity and reach people who are in need. Wasting 1.4 billion foods each year has cause hue economic losses in one hand and creating scope for increasing needless hunger in a same country. Beside this, there are climatic issues which is deeply connected with the food wastage issue. According to the report of the FAO, the impact of food wastage in America has similar features of the global food wastage that looks specifically at its consequences for climate land and water use (Thyberg and Tonjes 2016). The report states the carbon footprint of the food produced but not consumed are estimated at more than 3 billion tons of harmful greenhouse gases. Each time the food is wasted, all the resources which went into producing, packaging processing and transporting get wasted as well. Thus huge amount of energy, chemicals, fertilizers land and fresh water in the country are used for producing that food get wasted. In addition to this, most of the uneaten food, which rots in the countrys landfills, accounts more than 25% of total mytheme emissions in the US. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas which is 21 time more dangerous than that of CO2. Before throwing ways the food, it should be kept in mind that the government of the country spends 10% of energy budget for serving ready food in the table. It uses 50% of land of the country and utilizes 80% of the freshwater in the USA (Thwink.org 2018). Only 3% of total food craps in the country can be composed and the rest of the food scarps have no use in the environment. About 2/3 of the of the food spoilage is due to late usage or expiration and 1/3 is waste due to excessive cooking. This involves waste of fresh water used in cooking. The production of a single glass of orange juice needs 45 gallons of water. Wheat consumes 12 % of the total global water use for producing crop. The Americans waste approximately 18% of grains each year (Thwink.org 2 018). Including this, wasting cooked food wastes fuel and energy. Wasting cooked food means emission of 14% greenhouse gases in the United States which are associated with manufacturing, growing and disposing of food. By reducing wasted food people of America will have a lot of social economic and environmental benefits. Saving food saves money as wasting of food needs more buying of food. By reducing food waste, the households of the country will reduce the emission of methane and other greenhouse gases. This will reduce amount of landfills and lower the carbon emission. Proper process reducing food wastage prevents pollution involving in the producing, manufacturing, processing and transporting reads food. The programs like zero food waste and retail food donation can privilege the needy communities. The initiatives to provide untouched food which would have wasted may solve food problems in these communities permanently. Thus, the business and consumers can save money in one hand and provide a bridge in the communities needing food thus conserve resources for the future generation also. Therefore, it can be concluded that systems thinking approach is one of the most important way to face the growing issue of household food waste in the developed country like the US. The unawareness about the problems of food waste and its result can affect the economy, society and environment of the country. The systems thinking approach helps in going deeper for analysing the issues to be resolved. Therefore, it is essential to take immediate initiatives for dealing with the problem along with reducing the ratio of household food waste. References: Block, L.G., Keller, P.A., Vallen, B., Williamson, S., Birau, M.M., Grinstein, A., Haws, K.L., LaBarge, M.C., Lamberton, C., Moore, E.S. and Moscato, E.M., 2016. The squander sequence: understanding food waste at each stage of the consumer decision-making process.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,35(2), pp.292-304. Cicatiello, C., Franco, S., Pancino, B. and Blasi, E., 2016. The value of food waste: An exploratory study on retailing.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,30, pp.96-104. Epa.gov (2018).Reducing Wasted Food At Home | US EPA. [online] US EPA. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/recycle/reducing-wasted-food-home [Accessed 14 Apr. 2018]. Haines, S., 2016.The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press. Koch, K., Helmreich, B. and Drewes, J.E., 2015. Co-digestion of food waste in municipal wastewater treatment plants: effect of different mixtures on methane yield and hydrolysis rate constant.Applied Energy,137, pp.250-255. Mulligan, M 2014, An Introduction to Sustainability: Environmental, Social and Personal Perspectives, Taylor and Francis, Hoboken. Nrdc.org (2018).About Us. [online] NRDC. Available at: https://www.nrdc.org/about [Accessed 14 Apr. 2018]. Papargyropoulou, E., Lozano, R., Steinberger, J.K., Wright, N. and bin Ujang, Z., 2014. The food waste hierarchy as a framework for the management of food surplus and food waste.Journal of Cleaner Production,76, pp.106-115. Planh.ca. (2018).Food Security Through a Systems Thinking Lens | PlanH. [online] Available at: https://planh.ca/success-stories/food-security-through-systems-thinking-lens [Accessed 14 Apr. 2018]. Thinkeatsave.org, S. (2018).Environmental Impact of Food Waste in the US. [online] Think.Eat.Save. Reduce Your Footprint Campaign. Available at: https://www.thinkeatsave.org/index.php/be-informed/fast-facts/14-food-waste-campaign/355-environmental-impact-of-food-waste-in-the-us [Accessed 14 Apr. 2018]. Thwink.org (2018).The Three Pillars of Sustainability. [online] Thwink.org. Available at: https://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/ThreePillarsOfSustainability.htm [Accessed 14 Apr. 2018]. Thyberg, K.L. and Tonjes, D.J., 2016. Drivers of food waste and their implications for sustainable policy development.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,106, pp.110-123.

patenting life essays

patenting life essays John Moore was diagnosed with hairy-cell leukemia in 1976. Under directions from his doctor, Mr. Moores spleen was removed. Among other things, Mr. Moore continued to visit his doctor for seven years following his diagnosis. During these visits, the doctor took tissue samples of bone marrow, skin a and sperm, which Mr. Moore assumed were necessary procedures to prevent the reoccurrence of cancer. After discovering that he had become patent #4,438,032, John Moore learned that the doctor was patenting unique chemicals from Mr. Moores blood for a multi-million dollar contract. Moore sued the doctor for malpractice and property theft. The California Supreme court refused to recognize that Moore had property rights over his own body, however. The doctor argued that because Mr. Moore did not possess the ability to manipulate his own body tissues into a socially useful product, he could not claim a right of ownership to these tissues. One concession the court did make to Mr. Moore was the right to sue his doctor for a breach of fiduciary duty and lack of informed consent. This issue and others are on the forefront of a growing debate over the patenting of life. Should we like John Moore tried to do in the above example be able to protect own our own bodies from being patented and thus owned by others? Where should we as a society draw the line when it comes to weighing the possible advances possible versus the dangerous applications this new science may render? What are our ethical and moral responsibilities when it comes to the inevitable ability to clone a human, design a baby, or just predict whether someone is predisposed at coming down with a fatal disease? This is such a relatively new issue where so many new and potential dangerous applications are discovered daily. I will attempt to cut through jungle of misconceptions the genetic and biotech indust...

How Places Get Their Names

How Places Get Their Names A  place name is a general term for the proper name of a locality. Also known as a toponym. In 1967, the first United Nations Congress for the Unification of Geographical Names decided that place names in general would be geographical name. This term would be used for all geographical entities. It was also decided that the term for natural locations would be toponym,  and  place name  would be used for locations for human life (Seiji Shibata in  Language Topics: Essays in Honour of Michael Halliday, 1987). These distinctions are commonly ignored. A transfer name is a place name copied from another locality with the same name. New York, for instance, is a transfer name from the city of York in England. Examples and Observations Place names are  . . .  a kind of fossil poetry, but, once affixed to a map, they tend to change rather less, and rather more slowly, than do other kinds of words. Because of this conservative quality, they afford a kind of folk history, a snapshot in time that enables us to read in them a record of important events and to reconstruct something of the culture of the namers at the time they assigned names to the places they saw.(Gregory McNamee,  Grand Canyon Place Names. Johnson Books, 1997)Words From Place Names[T]he process of making a word out of a place-name (a toponym) is  widespread. Tell someone a limerick? Drive in a limousine? Own an alsatian or a labrador? Play badminton or rugby? Run in a marathon? Dance the mazurka? You never quite know where a place-name is going to turn up.(David Crystal,  The Story of English in 100 Words. Profile Books, 2011)Transfer Names in the U.S.Many exotic American  place-names are  derived from transfers of place names, as Athens in Georgia and Euclid in Ohio indicate. The giving of classical place-names to American cities and towns was once fashionable. Many of them occur in the state of New York (e.g., Ithaca).(Zoltan Kovecses,  American English: An Introduction. Broadview, 2000) Presidential Place NamesNaming places was a virtual art form during the nineteenth century, as the westward movement opened up vast territories for settlement and spawned literally thousands of new incorporated places of all sizes.  Befitting the burgeoning  nationalism of the early Republic, American presidents contributed more than their share of place-names as the nation moved west. More than 3 percent of all American place-names, in fact, contain the names of the presidents from Washington to Lincoln.  Today, five presidents dominate  the list of presidential place-names, contributing their names to a total of nearly 1,200 states, counties, townships, cities, and villages across the United States. Lincoln is fourth on the list, behind Washington, Jackson, and Jefferson, and he is followed by Madison.(Kenneth Winkle, The Great Body of the Republic: Abraham Lincoln and the Idea of a Middle West.  The American Midwest: Essays on Regional History, ed. by  Andrew R. L. Cay ton and Susan E. Gray. Indiana University Press, 2001) American Indian Place Names[In the U.S.,] multitudinous cities, towns, villages, counties, mountains, plateaus, mesas, buttes, hills, lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, bays, and other geographical locations and features have Indian-related place-names. It is estimated that New England alone has 5,000 names derived from Indian languages.The etymology of Indian place-names takes various forms.  Some  place-names are  English spellings of spoken Indian words or word-phrases- the original Indian names for geographical features, altered over the centuries through usage. Others are Indian tribal names. Some are personal names,  after celebrated individuals or even mythical and fictional characters. Others are named after Indian-related events. Still others are English, French, or Spanish translations of Native concepts or objects.(Carl Waldman and Molly Braun, Atlas of the North American Indian, 3rd ed. Infobase, 2009)Can Do!Sometimes a controversy serves as the basis for a place name . Cando, North Dakota, got its name after county officials proclaimed they could name the town anything they chose. Others in the community did not think that way. In time, the officials got their way and chose to use the combined words can and do in the name, reflective of their claim.(Gerald R. Pitzl,  Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Greenwood, 2004) The Changing Sounds of Place NamesSounds of place names are changed  as languages change, and even when the languages remain the same in an area, the sounds of a place name are in a continual process  of shortening and simplification. Adramyttium, a Roman city, over the centuries changed to Edremit, Turkey, and the Roman colony of Colonia Agrippina became Cologne (or more properly, Koln), Germany. Constantinopolis became Constantinople and eventually Istanbul, Turkey.(Joel F. Mann,  An International Glossary of Place Name Elements. Scarecrow Press, 2005)Definite Articles With Place NamesCertain types of place-names are frequently preceded by the capitalized or lowercased article the:1.  Names of rivers (the Susquehanna, the Nile), mountain ranges (the White Mountains, the Alps), island groups (the Aleutian Islands, the Malay Archipelago), and regions (the Midwest, the Arctic).2.  Place-names that are plural in form  (the Great Plains, The Netherlands).3.  Place-names th at are also general vocabulary terms  (the South, the Continent).4. Place-names that are adjective/noun compounds (the Western Hemisphere, the Red Sea).Some place-names fall into more than one of these categories, while others, such The Bronx, the Ukraine, occur with the article for obscure, usually historically-rooted reasons.(Merriam-Websters Geographical Dictionary, 3rd. ed., 2001) Fossilized Words in British Place Names-[M]ost place names today are what could be called linguistic fossils. Although they originated as living units of speech, coined by our distant ancestors as descriptions of places in terms of their topography, appearance, situation, use, ownership, or other association, most have become, in the course of time, mere labels, no longer possessing a clear linguistic meaning. This is perhaps not surprising when one  considers that most  place names are  a thousand years old or more, and are expressed in vocabulary that may have evolved differently from the equivalent words in the ordinary language, or that may now be completely extinct or obscure.(A.D. Mills,  A Dictionary of British Place-Names, rev. ed. Oxford University Press, 2011)-  The modern form of a name can never be assumed to convey its original meaning without early spellings to confirm it, and indeed many names that look equally obvious and easy to interpret prove to have quit e unexpected meanings in the light of the evidence of early records. Thus in England the name Easter is the sheep-fold, Slaughter the creek or channel, and Wool the spring or springs.(A.D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names. Oxford University Press, 2003) Names Ending in -chesterMany place names of British origin consist of a Celtic stem to which has been added an English (or other) suffix. There is the large class of names ending in -chester (or -caster, -cester, etc.). Although the majority of names with this termination refer to former Roman towns or military stations, the ending is not directly derived from the Latin word castra, camp, as is sometimes thought, nor was that term used by the Romans for naming purposes, except for one place in Cumberland (Castra Exploratorum, camp or fort of the scouts). Old English ceaster was adapted from the Latin word by the Anglo-Saxons while they were still on the Continent and was used by them in their new homeland to designate former Roman towns. Not every modern ending in -chester belongs to this class.(John Field, Discovering Place-Names: Their Origins and Meanings, 4th ed., rev. by Margaret Gelling. Shire, 2008)Bill Bryson on British Place Names[N]owhere, of course, are the British more gi fted than with place names. Of the thirty thousand named places in Britain, a good half of them, I would guess, are notable or arresting in some way. There are villages that seem to hide some ancient and possibly dark secret (Husbands Bosworth, Rime Intrinseca, Whiteladies Aston) and villages that sound like characters from a bad nineteenth-century novel (Bradford Peverell, Compton Valence, Langton Herring, Wootton Fitzpaine). There are villages that sound like fertilizers (Hastigrow), shoe deodorizers (Powfoot), breath fresheners (Minto), dog food (Whelpo), toilet cleansers (Potto, Sanahole, Durno), skin complaints (Whiterashes, Sockburn), and even a Scottish spot remover (Sootywells). There are villages that have an attitude problem (Seething, Mockbeggar, Wrangle) and villages of strange phenomena (Meathop, Wigtwizzle, Blubberhouses). There are villages without number whose very names summon forth an image of lazy summer afternoons and butterflies darting in meadows (Winterbourne Abbas, Weston Lullingfields, Theddlethorpe All Saints, Little Missenden). Above all, there are villages almost without number whose names are just endearingly inanePrittlewell, Little Rollright, Chew Magna, Titsey, Woodstock Slop, Lickey End, Stragglethorpe, Yonder Bognie, Nether Wallop, and the practically unbeatable Thornton-le-Beans. (Bury me there!)(Bill Bryson, Notes From a Small Island. William Morrow, 1995) Alternate Spellings: placename, place-name

The entrepreneurial organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The entrepreneurial organization - Essay Example They can only thrive in an environment of relative freedom. Under industrialization, bureaucracy was the dominant form of organization. The factory was designed to produce standardized products; the bureaucracy was designed to produce standardized decisions. Many major corporations of today developed in an industrial society, based on a bureaucratic model of machine-like division of function, routine activity, regularity, seeming permanence, and a long vertical hierarchy. It was a world of mass markets uniform goods and services, and long production lines. During the 1990's, however, the top-down authoritarian management style began yielding to a networking style of management. Horizontal communication in a networked environment is freer and more fluid, with few bureaucratic barriers. In the new style of management, people learn from one another peer to peer, everyone is a resource for everyone else, and each person gets support and assistance from many different directions. In any bureaucratic structure, people tend to feel they cannot change their environment and thus may never seek the information that might change it. In sharp contrast, the new emerging form of organizations supports change, innovation, and individual initiative to an optimal degree. Intrapreneurship simply represents an organizational culture that allows employees flexibility and authority in pursuing and developing new ideas. Intrapreneurship is nothing but entrepreneurship practiced within the context of a large established organization. An intrapreneur is involved in the "venturing" process, that is, in developing a new business inside a corporation from its initial idea until it becomes a viable business. Often an intrapreneur must lead a project with an entrepreneurial vision , willingness of using power , leadership, motivation and ability to overcome resistance and barriers (Johansen, 2002). Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) was a pioneering researcher in the field of entrepreneurship, he studied the role of the entrepreneur as an innovator, i.e., the person who develops a new product, a new market, or new means of production. Schumpeter distinguished between dependent and independent entrepreneurs, the former being those who are connected to an existing company, and the latter being those who start their own companies. Although coined and popularized by Gifford Pinchot in 1985, the term 'intrapreneur' (short for intra-corporate entrepreneur) essentially means what Schumpeter called a dependent entrepreneur. Several factors in organizations can have an influence on intrapreneurship/entrepreneurship. Usually, there are any number of barriers to innovation that can occur in organizations. Among all these factors and barriers, the degree of bureaucratic-style management within an organization can have the most adverse impact on the levels of individual initiative. 2. The Paradigm Shift Bureaucratic-style management is fading from the scene, albeit gradually. Mega corporations may be thriving, nonetheless their internal structures are becoming more geared towards innovation. Once considered a contradiction in terms, corporate intrapreneurship has become widely accepted in successful companies, such as 3M, Intel, and Coca-Cola.Also, in the fiercely competitive world of high

Tax Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tax Law - Essay Example Realized income is the money generated from normal business processes, and also additional cash generating issues like investment earnings. Recognized income entails recognizing revenue which is both received and earned. Revenue is recognized after the occurrence of significant transactions. Credit sales are not recognized income unless the business is adequately sure of getting payments. Return of capital illustrates investment returns that are not viewed as income. It illustrates when the total invested amount, is paid back to the investor. Investors are not taxed in return of capital unless the initial investment value is exceeded. Constructive receipt is applied to illustrate if the cash-basis taxpayer got the gross income. The taxpayer is taxed in the present year if he has adequate control in the determination of whether the income items will be paid. The tax benefit rule explains that if the taxpayer recovers loss and expense which was written off in the last year income, then the included value should be added to the present year’s gross income. Wherewithal to pay concept explains that tax collected must be done when the taxpayer can effectively and efficiently pay it. For example, appreciation in property values should be taxed in the tax transaction. The beneficial concept to the taxpayer is the return of capital concept because it ensures easy recovery of invested amount. The beneficial doctrine to the internal revenue department is the tax benefit rule; because it increases the gross income for taxation purposes.

standard operating procedures

standard operating procedures SOPs Standard Operating Procedures A General Overview Aim This document is not meant to be all encompassing but is designed to give readers an overview as to what should be in a SOP and what a SOP might look like. Background It was common in the past for to be photocopied from a book and notes/scribbles to be added to a method to adapt it to a Laboratorys specific needs. This resulted in analysts using different versions of the same method and obtaining different results. It also hindered the communication of improvements that an individual analyst had made to a method, as it was not known how many copies of a method existed and whether they had all been updated to include the improved method. A way to improve this chaos is to ensure that all methods and procedures shall be documented to the extent necessary to ensure proper implementation and consistency of application. Hence the introduction of the concept of SOPs Standard Operating Procedures. It is sometimes not practical for laboratories to use an SOP which is fully documented specifying each type and individual test procedure. For example, analysis of soil samples for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. It is simpler to write an SOP on the preparation of soil extracts for analysis by gas chromatography and another SOP of a more general nature regarding the analysis of extracts by gas chromatography. Information required for all SOPs All SOPs should contain the following information Authorised by (Someone in the organisation needs to approve the SOP before it can be used)  ·Copy number (A record of the number of copies of an SOP needs to be kept each individual copy has its own number identifies if there are any illicit versions in use ) Page x of y (e.g. Page 1 of 6 appears at the bottom of each page identifies if there are pages missing from a method) Other information may include when the method should be reviewed, individual reference numbers for when an organisation has many SOPs, Issue numbers to identify new versions of a method from old versions of a method which have been withdrawn. To help explain some of the terms below, parts of an SOP involving the analysis of nitrite in water have been reproduced in boxes like this. THESE WILL ONLY BE EXAMPLES AND ARE NOT COMPREHENSIVE. Title Determination of A analyte(s)or measurand(s)}, in C {matrix} using D {principle} Determination of nitrite in water by UV/Visible spectrophotometry Scope Enables a user to see quickly whether the method is appropriate for a desired application (see also the Annex- method validation and measurement uncertainty). the analyte (measurand) which can be determined by the method, the sample matrix from which the analyte (measurand) may be determined, the technique used in the method, the minimum sample size, known interferences which prevent or limit the working of the method, the concentration range of the method.  · The amount of nitrite in an aqueous sample can be determined.  · The detection limit is 0.01 mg dm-3 for a 30 cm3 sample.  · There is a maximum limit of 0.25 mg dm-3 for a 30 cm3 sample. Dilutions can be carried out on the sample to extend the range of analysis.  · Type of sample: Raw and potable waters and sewage effluents.  · Samples that are highly coloured or turbid can cause interference*. * If the alkalinity of the sample is high, such that a pH value of 1.9  ± 0.1 is not attained after the addition of the sulphanilamide reagent (.) then the formation of the azo-dye is affected. *It may be more appropriate to have a separate section for interferences. Warning Safety Precautions handling the samples handling or preparing solvents, reagents, standards, or other materials operation of equipment requirements for special handling environments, e.g. fume cupboards  · N-1-naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride should be regarded as a special hazard. Skin contact with the solid and solution containing it should be avoided.  · Disposable gloves should be worn when handling effluent or sewage samples. Normal precautions to avoid skin contact and/or ingestion should be taken in the handling of all reagents. Definitions Define any unusual terms, use ISO definitions wherever possible. Quote sources. Include chemical formulae/structures if appropriate. Principle Outline the principle by which the analytical technique operates. This section should be written so that a summary of how the method works can be seen quickly. The method is based on the diazotisation of sulphanilamide by nitrite in the presence of phosphoric acid, at pH 1.9, and the subsequent formation of an azo dye with N-1-naphthylethylenediamine. The absorbance of this dye is measured at 540 nm and is related to the nitrite concentration by means of a calibration curve. Reactions Where appropriate to clarifying the working of the method or calculations, include details of any relevant chemical reactions. This may be relevant, e.g. where derivatisation is involved, titrimetry etc.. Reagents Materials List all of the reagents materials, blanks, QC samples and standards and certified reference materials required for the analytical process, identified by letter or number. List: details of any associated hazards including instructions for disposal, appropriate grade of reagent/chemical, specialist suppliers for rare chemicals, need for calibration and QC materials, details of preparation, including need to prepare in advance, containment and storage requirements, shelf life of raw material and prepared reagent, required concentration, noting whether w/v, w/w or v/v, labelling requirements. a. All reagents should be of at least analytical reagent grade. b. Water : In all cases demineralised water shall be used. c. Nitrite Stock forStandard Solution, 1000 mg dm-3 NO2: Weigh out 1.5000 g  ± 0.0050 g of sodium nitrite, (previously dried overnight at 105  ± 5 ° C and stored in a desiccator desiccant silica gel) and transfer quantitativelyto a 1 dm3 Grade A volumetric flask containing approximately 500 cm3 of water (b). Make up to the mark with water (b) and stopper. Shake until all the solid dissolves. Transfer to an appropriately labelled glass bottle and store in the refrigerator. The solution is stable for 1 month. d. Orthophophosphoric acid 85% w/w: e. 2 mg dm-3 Nitrite Standard: Using a Grade A glass pipette, pipette 2 cm3 of 1000 mg dm-3 stock nitrite solution (c) into a 1 dm3 Grade A volumetric flask and make up to volume with water (b). Stopper and shake to mix. Transfer to an appropriately labelled glass bottle, stopper and store in a refrigerator. The solution is stable for 1 week. f. Nitrite Stock for Quality Control Solution 1000 mg dm3 NO2: Ideally the sodium nitrite should be obtained from a different source to that used for the standard. Weigh out 1.5000 g  ± 0.0050 g of sodium nitrite g. Sulphanilamide Reagent: Using a 100 cm3 measuring cylinder, add 50 cm3 of 85% orthophosphoric acid (d) to a 500 cm3 beaker containing 250 cm3 of water (b). Weigh out 20.00 g  ± 0.25 g of sulphanilamide and quantitatively transfer to the beaker. Stir with a glass rod until the solid dissolves. Weigh out 1.00 g  ± 0.10 g of N- 1-naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride and quantitatively transfer to the beaker. Stir with a glass rod until the solid dissolves. Quantitatively transfer the solution to a 500 cm3 volumetric flask and make up to volume with water (b). Stopper the flask and shake to mix. Transfer to an appropriately labelled amber glass bottle and store in the refrigerator. The solution is stable for 1 month. NB Immediately before use, this solution should be brought to room temperature. Points to note from example: Each reagent is uniquely identified so as to avoid confusion. Weigh 20.00 g Indicates that a balance capable of weighing to 2 decimal places is required. 20.00 g  ± 0.25 g Tells the analyst that he needs to be between 19.75 g and 20.25 g. Using a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder Indicates accuracy required for this procedure. Quantitatively transfer Indicates that you need to transfer all the solid with washings to the beaker. Appropriately labelled This might include: Name of reagent, Concentration of reagent, Date reagent made, Expiry date of reagent, Name of analyst who prepared the reagent Most computer systems can be used to produce sheets of labels that suits an individuals and/or organisations needs. Apparatus Equipment Describe in sufficient detail the individual pieces of equipment and how they are connected to enable unambiguous set-up. For glassware include grade where applicable. Include environmental requirements (fume cupboards etc.). a. A {Manufacturers name/model number} UV/Visible spectrophotometer with 10 mm glass cells is used. b. The instrument should be switched on for a minimum of half an hour before the analysis. Set the wavelength to 540 nm. Details of operation of the instrument are given in the instruction manual for the instrument. It may be appropriate to reproduce the relevant parts of the instruction manual in the SOP i.e. how to set up and use the spectrophotometer. This will depend on how easy it is to get access to the manual. Sampling Sample Preparation Include sufficient detail to describe how the test portion is obtained from the sample as received by the laboratory. All information on the precautions to be taken to minimise the risk of contamination of the samples needs to be included. Include information regarding the storage, conditioning and disposal of samples. Many laboratories will write a separate document about the receipt, labelling, storage and disposal of samples to save having to duplicate this information on individual SOPs. Environmental Control List any special environmental conditions and cross reference to safety section, e.g. temperature control. Calibration Identify the critical parts of the analytical process. These will have to be controlled by careful operation and calibration. Cross reference to the relevant sections above. It may be easier to incorporate this section with the analytical procedure section. Include calibration of equipment what needs to be calibrated, how, with what, and how often? It is normally easier to write separate documents to cover the calibration of balances, automatic pipettes, thermometers, refrigerators, freezers and spectrophotometers to save having to put all this information into each SOP. Quality Control Explain the quality control procedures, frequency of quality control checks during batch analysis, pass/fail criteria, action to take in the event of a failure. It may be appropriate to incorporate this section in the analytical procedure section. Analytical Procedure Describe the analytical procedure, cross referencing previous sections as appropriate including reagents (with the appropriate identifier), apparatus and instrumentation. Indicate at which point in the analytical procedure the quality control, and calibration procedures should be performed.  · Use a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to transfer 30 cm3 of either sample, blank water (.), standard or QC solution to appropriately labelled test tubes. For each batch of samples, one sample should be replicated.  · For effluent samples or samples which are likely to contain significant levels of nitrite, using a glass pipette, pipette 3 cm3 of sample into a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder containing 27 cm3 of water.  · If any of the samples are highly coloured or turbid, prepare a sample blank by transferring 30 cm3 of the appropriate sample to an appropriately labelled test tube and add 1 cm3 of 10% orthophosphoric acid (). Treat as an ordinary sample except that water () is added instead of sulphanilamide reagent (.).  · Using an automatic pipette add 0.75 cm3 of sulphanilamide solution (.) to each tube. Mix immediately by swirling, and allow to stand for at least 30 minutes but no longer than two hours.  · Measure the absorbance of the blank (.) and the standard (.)  · Enter the relevant information in the spectrophotometeric logbook* and check that the absorbance of the standard is within the specified range detailed in the log book. If the absorbance falls outside this range, consult a senior officer before proceeding further.  · Determine the nitrite concentration of the QC solution () and the samples. Plot the concentration recorded for the QC solution (.) on the appropriate quality control chart , together with the date and your initials. If the point does not fall within the set limits, the senior officer in charge must be informed. * Any samples that give concentrations greater than 0.25 mg dm3, must be discarded and the analysis repeated using a diluted sample. Points to note: If any of the samples are highly coloured or turbid. Guidelines on how to handle difficult samples Using an automatic pipette Defines the accuracy that the reagent has to be measured to For effluent samples or samples which are likely to contain significant levels of nitrite Guidelines on how to handle samples whose nitrite concentration will probably exceed the range for the method. Leave the colour to develop for 30 to 60 minutes This implies that the colour development time is important. You will have needed to carry out some checks to show that these times are satisfactory. Any samples that give concentrations greater than 0.25 mg dm-3, must be discarded and the analysis repeated using a diluted sample Only concentrations in the working range of the method should be reported. Consult a senior officer There will always be times when the analyst encounters problems or unknown situations the analyst should be encouraged to seek help from an experienced member of staff. Log Books Information to be recorded in the log book associated with spectrophotometer might include serial number, service dates, calibration checks (e.g. wavelength), repairs (e.g. new lamp). On a daily basis information recorded might include date, name of analyst, analysis (e.g. nitrite), wavelength used, absorbance of blank, concentration and absorbance of standard. At the front of the log book should be sufficient information regarding the nitrite analysis for the operator to determine if there is a problem, e.g. nitrite analysis, wavelength 540 nm, acceptable absorbances of (a) blank 0.000  ± 0.005, (b) 0.25 mg dm-3 nitrite standard 0.250  ± 0.010. Repeatability measurement on the same solution  ± 0.003. Log Books; points to note: Use of a standard, quality control and blank and a replicate sample and recording the information in a log book means that you can demonstrate with reasonable certainty that (a) the reagents were made up correctly, (b) the standards were made up correctly, (c) there was no contamination present, (d) the spectrophotometer was set up correctly and (e) the analysis can be repeated and give a result to within the expected limit. Calculation Lay out the formulae for calculating the results ensuring all terms are clearly defined and derived. Specify requirements for checking, cross reference to QC requirements and indicate how corrections should be dealt with. Reporting Procedures Including Expression Of Results Indicate how results should be reported, including; rounding of numbers; final units. It may be appropriate to indicate the level of associated with the method.  · Results are reported to two significant figures as mg dm-3 Nitrite (NO2) except where the customer has asked for the results to be reported as mg dm-3 Nitrogen in which case the analytical results are multiplied by 14/46. * Where significant dilutions have to be made then a comment about the dilution used should be put on the sheet used to report the results. Precision , accuracy and detection limits  · Spectrophotometric measurements on the same solution must have an absorbance range no greater than  ± 0.003.  · A significant absorbance for a sample is 0.010 (after correction for the blank). A detection limit of 0.01 mg dm-3 (equivalent to an absorbance of approximately 0.010) is quoted for a 30 cm3 sample. This becomes 0.1 mg dm-3 for an effluent sample where the amount of sample taken is 3 cm3.  · Where typical absorbances readings (as listed in the log book) cannot be obtained for the standard, quality control and the blank, then further investigations must be carried out until the cause of the problem is found. * The results obtained for replicate analysis should be monitored, any significant difference ( ± 0.010 mg dm-3 ) should be investigated Literature References References may include operating manuals as well as published methods and standards. This method is based on Method H in the Department of the Environment Standing Committee of Analysts booklet Oxidised Nitrogen in Waters 1981. Annex Method Validation and Measurement Uncertainty Methods should be supported by experimental data providing information on accuracy, precision and selectivity . The major sources of uncertainty, relating to the method should be identified and the assigned values listed. The overall uncertainty should be listed together with an explanation of how it was derived. In the case of the nitrite method that was based on a published method, the validation work involved: Reproducibility showing comparable results were obtained. Repeatability showing in the results obtained for a known sample measured five times on the same day. Making up a set of 5 standards to show that the calibration was linear for the range 0.01 to 0.25 mg dm-3 NO2. Checking the detection limit using spiked samples . Checking that the time interval quoted for the colour development time was correct and non-critical within the stated range. We also looked at the method to identify major causes of variation in results e.g. measuring the sample volume with a measuring cylinder. We found that the biggest variation was in different analysts making up the same standard solutions hence the need to define an acceptable absorbance range for the standard.

Handle information in health and social care setting Essay

Outcome 1 Understand the need for secure handling of information in health and social care Identify the legislation that relates to the recording, storage and sharing of information in health and social care The Data Protection Act 1998 covers anything relating to a person, medical records, social service records, credit information, local authority information. There are eight enforceable principles: Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully Adequate, relevant and not excessive Accurate Not kept for longer than necessary Process in accordance with the data subject rights Not transferred to countries without adequate protection The Data protection Act also allows people to see information recorded about them through the Freedom of Information Act 2000, therefore people are allowed to see their social care files, this is important to know when entering information in people’s notes. The ICO Information Commissioner’s Office is responsible for upholding information rights in the public interest. Explain why it is important to have secure systems for recording and storing information in a health and social care setting Information on Care homes and in house information is valuable and critical to the business of the home. This information must be stored and processed therefore it is essential that Information Security is maintained. The purpose of information security is to preserve: Confidentiality data is only access by those with the right to see them. Integrity information can be relied upon to be accurate and process correctly. Availability information can be accessed when needed. Insecure information can lead to violation of an individual’s human civil  rights that may results in neglect/or physical, sexual, emotional or financial harm. Manual system of recording information has to secure so they are usually kept in a locked cabinet and may be in a secure room. Outcome 2 Know how to access support for handling information Describe how to access guidance, information and advice about handling information The first place to look for guidance and advice is the supervisor with regards to information in the work place. If you require information about a person, then that person’s care plan would be ideal. Information about legislation to ensure that you are complying with the law, them the Information Commissioner’s Office is the place to contact. Explain what actions to be taken when there are concerns over the recording, storing or sharing of information If there is a concern relating to people’s records, the concern should be directed to the manager who is in the position to deal with the concern. For taking a concern further that has not being resolved, the concern needs to be : Put in writing Be clear about dates, times and the exact nature of the concern Identify the steps that have already been taken and the response Involve trade union or professional organisation for support The steps for resolving concerns: Discuss with line manager Record the concerns and take it to a more senior manager Take it to director or chief executive Take it to the inspectorate You are protected from unfair dismissal by an employer through the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 if your concern relates to the employer. Outcome 3 Be able to handle information in accordance with agreed ways of working Keep records that are up to date, complete, accurate and legible Records should provide objective, accurate, current, comprehensive and concise information concerning the condition and care of the client. The records kept should reflect an accurate and up to date picture of somebody’s situation. Records are kept to: Provide a full assessment of the client’s  needs Provide record of any problems and the actions taken Provide evidence of care required Provide a baseline record against which improvement or deterioration may be judged Records should le after be made as soon as possible after the event providing current information on the care and condition of the person. Follow agreed ways of working for: Recording information Good recording of information supports good practice in a number of ways. Supports effective partnership with users and carers, provides documented evidence and account of the department involvement with an individual, support risk assessment and risk management plans. The principles for recording:- Service users and carers are helped to understand the purpose and contents of their case record and are invited to contribute to it. Case records will be kept in accordance with Department of health guidance and legal requirements. Storing information A care plan contains valuable information about a person in care and this information has to be stored. All documents are stored according to legal, organisational and ethical standards. Some information can be stored and displayed openly, i.e. menus can be stored in a kitchen. Documents, such as care plans, medication sheets, and employee files need to be stored in locked cupboards in locked rooms to deny access to those who have no right to the information. Sharing information  the home has a general duty in common law to safeguard the sensitive information they hold of individual’s. The home should have a clear policy on the Data Protection Act which staff should adhere to. It is important that staff should pay particular attention to ensuring consent to share information is clearly recorded on file. Where it has been necessary to  share information without consent then the justification should be recorded and authorised by the line manager. There are different reasons for sharing personal information without consent:- Court or tribunal orders A person’s best interest Risk to health Police request Public interest Protection to others Partner agencies providing support. It is important that you know the policies of the care organisation with regards to confidentiality and the disclosure of information in your workplace. The basic rule is that all information is confidential and cannot be shared with anyone without the consent of the person.

Instant Solutions to Business Management Essay Topics

Instant Solutions to Business Management Essay Topics Make certain that the essay does not have any spelling or punctuation errors. In order to specify if entrepreneurship is best for you, it's important that you answer these questions, and answer them honestly. Our panel of experts is quite thorough concerning the things that are essential for the thesis. Our essay package comprises a custom written paper to fulfill your specification and we include completely free revisions. Ford also reasoned he could lower the time spent on each individual task if his workers didn't need to go from one assembly to the next. The company model is crucial. Job enlargement method to give to an employee a number of tasks to avoid him be bored on doing precisely the same thing consistently. List some methods a business could utilize to identify (and prevent) the chance of bankruptcy. For those franchises, you're the proprietor or manager of that so you can make the managerial decisions easi ly. You are also able to get a wide selection of resources on several different topics from academic sites. Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. Attracting additional funding from the banks could be an alternative, but it's hardly true for the new establishment. Starting your own company normally requires a substantial investment. Case Study TWOMac Tools franchise The ideal approach to expand the business is by way of franchising because to expand its own company is via franchising with more sources. Being a fresher investor, one needs to begin with the little small business. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Of course, when you're working on a lengthy research paper, it might be a prudent idea to sum up the key points you've already analyzed just to make certain you and the reader are still on precisely the same page. The author should comprehend what the essay title or question is asking them to deal with. Our writers follow all the instructions that are necessary for the last essay. Technology companies developed ways to control the `scrum' of work and organize loose networks of workers and stakeholders, as a way to coordinate a wide variety of activities. Some claim that the Naz Electronic Plaza is currently also part of the Electronic Market. Style of management still affected by the culture of a nation, however, all styles of management may be used effectively with a superior manager. Qualified management stays the essential part of success of any little organization. When you run your own company, you're in charge of the direction that the business goes, and you are in charge of your own future. Employees should have the option of joining public unions. The motivation is quite crucial point in the entity, because if employees won't be satisfied they won't do their work at the maximal quality or even won't get to the output target, therefore it is essential for the line manager to talk and motivate staff and help where it's essential to continue to keep his employees at high degree of motivation. If a business is succeeding in what they do, it usually means that the company is generating more profit and more profit can result in a better lifestyle. On the flip side, among the biggest threats to our company is opening of branded franchise restaurants. Thus, it is expected to grow. Small businesses create the most significant portion of new work in the natio n. Managers should behave with integrity to be able to build trust and a trustworthy rapport. Leading is my thing, I wish to be a wonderful leader and modify the ways of managers everywhere. Ensures workers possess the resources to finish their work. Many customers wind up working with exactly the same writer for many assignments and we hope you will do the exact same.

What Is an Extensive Property

The two types of physical properties of matter are intensive properties and extensive properties. Extensive Property Definition An extensive property is a property of matter that changes as the amount of matter changes. Like other physical properties, an extensive property may be observed and measured without any chemical change (reaction) occurring. Extensive Property Examples Mass and volume are extensive properties. As more matter is added to a system, both mass and volume changes. Extensive Versus Intensive Properties In contrast to extensive properties, intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter in a sample. They are the same whether youre looking at a large amount of material or tiny quantity. An example of an intensive property is electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of a wire depends on its composition, not the length of the wire. Density and solubility are two other examples of intensive properties.